Study Says Undocumented Students Need More Help
2021-10-20
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1Researchers have found that about 321,000 undocumented and asylum-seeking children from Central America went to American schools from 2017 to 2019.
2The research was by the Rand Corporation, a nonprofit group based in California.
3During that same time period, the United States saw a large increase in undocumented immigrants entering the country through the southern border, mostly from Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, the study says.
4The report estimates that 491,000 of the immigrants who remained in the United States were children, meaning just 65 percent enrolled in school.
5About 75 percent of the 321,000 students went to school in 10 states: California, Texas, Florida, New York, Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Georgia and Louisiana.
6When inside the country, U.S. federal law guarantees children an education without considering their immigration status.
7U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said he supports undocumented students' right to a public education.
8That is a contrast from former Education Secretary Betsy DeVos, who testified to Congress that school districts should be able to decide whether to report undocumented students to immigration officials.
9Cardona said in an interview with Newsweek that "when there are students that are here that need to be educated, we have an obligation. Whether or not that means they have different rights, I'll leave that to others. But when it comes to education, every student should get an education when they're here."
10Many states offer different levels of support to immigrants, both documented and undocumented, as well as to refugees.
11That can affect the quality of their education argue the Rand researchers.
12Some states give students more financial aid while some limit enrollment based on age.
13Some states give undocumented students access to lower in-state tuition to public universities, but others do not.
14Undocumented, asylum-seeking and refugee students face great difficulties while seeking an education.
15They can face trauma, language barriers, culture shock and a lack of basic needs like food and shelter.
16Some have never had a formal education.
17The Rand research focused on two districts that serve a large population of undocumented and asylum-seeking students:
18Jefferson Parish Schools in Louisiana and Oakland Unified School District in California.
19Both districts faced teacher and worker shortages.
20But the study noted several ways the districts were able to meet the challenges faced by that population of students.
21The two districts provided language supports to students and families, and guaranteed in-person enrollment.
22The districts also hired workers to help students with social and emotional needs.
23Many districts were not ready for the increase in undocumented students, the researchers say.
24Rand estimates that 2,000 more teachers and workers were needed in the seven states with the largest number of new students to keep classes the same size.
25The study also points to a need for more teacher training, mental health services and funding to districts with growing numbers of immigrants.
26The pandemic slowed all immigration to the United States in 2020, the study noted.
27But the U.S. has experienced "an unprecedented number of migrants" at the southern border this year, Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas told reporters in August.
28In addition, President Joe Biden has also asked Congress for funding to resettle 95,000 Afghans by September 2022.
29Leslie Villegas is an education researcher with The New America Foundation.
30She said that fewer than half of U.S. states track students with limited formal education, who are often undocumented immigrants and refugees.
31Without that information, Villegas said, it can be hard to know what sort of resources districts need to support those students.
32"Often, these are kids who have experienced trauma and face real barriers in how they interact with the education system - if they've ever interacted with the education system at all," she said.
33I'm Dan Novak.
1Researchers have found that about 321,000 undocumented and asylum-seeking children from Central America went to American schools from 2017 to 2019. The research was by the Rand Corporation, a nonprofit group based in California. 2During that same time period, the United States saw a large increase in undocumented immigrants entering the country through the southern border, mostly from Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, the study says. The report estimates that 491,000 of the immigrants who remained in the United States were children, meaning just 65 percent enrolled in school. 3About 75 percent of the 321,000 students went to school in 10 states: California, Texas, Florida, New York, Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Georgia and Louisiana. 4When inside the country, U.S. federal law guarantees children an education without considering their immigration status. 5U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said he supports undocumented students' right to a public education. That is a contrast from former Education Secretary Betsy DeVos, who testified to Congress that school districts should be able to decide whether to report undocumented students to immigration officials. 6Cardona said in an interview with Newsweek that "when there are students that are here that need to be educated, we have an obligation. Whether or not that means they have different rights, I'll leave that to others. But when it comes to education, every student should get an education when they're here." 7Many states offer different levels of support to immigrants, both documented and undocumented, as well as to refugees. That can affect the quality of their education argue the Rand researchers. 8Some states give students more financial aid while some limit enrollment based on age. Some states give undocumented students access to lower in-state tuition to public universities, but others do not. 9Undocumented, asylum-seeking and refugee students face great difficulties while seeking an education. They can face trauma, language barriers, culture shock and a lack of basic needs like food and shelter. Some have never had a formal education. 10The Rand research focused on two districts that serve a large population of undocumented and asylum-seeking students: Jefferson Parish Schools in Louisiana and Oakland Unified School District in California. Both districts faced teacher and worker shortages. But the study noted several ways the districts were able to meet the challenges faced by that population of students. 11The two districts provided language supports to students and families, and guaranteed in-person enrollment. The districts also hired workers to help students with social and emotional needs. 12Many districts were not ready for the increase in undocumented students, the researchers say. Rand estimates that 2,000 more teachers and workers were needed in the seven states with the largest number of new students to keep classes the same size. The study also points to a need for more teacher training, mental health services and funding to districts with growing numbers of immigrants. 13The pandemic slowed all immigration to the United States in 2020, the study noted. But the U.S. has experienced "an unprecedented number of migrants" at the southern border this year, Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas told reporters in August. In addition, President Joe Biden has also asked Congress for funding to resettle 95,000 Afghans by September 2022. 14Leslie Villegas is an education researcher with The New America Foundation. She said that fewer than half of U.S. states track students with limited formal education, who are often undocumented immigrants and refugees. Without that information, Villegas said, it can be hard to know what sort of resources districts need to support those students. 15"Often, these are kids who have experienced trauma and face real barriers in how they interact with the education system - if they've ever interacted with the education system at all," she said. 16I'm Dan Novak. 17Dan Novak wrote this story for VOA Learning English. Susan Shand was the editor. 18_______________________________________ 19Words in This Story 20undocumented - adj. not having the official documents that are needed to enter, live in, or work in a country legally 21enroll - v. to enter (someone) as a member of or participant in something - usually + in 22obligation - n. something that you must do because of a law, rule, promise, etc. 23trauma - n. a very difficult or unpleasant experience that causes someone to have mental or emotional problems usually for a long time 24interact - v. to act together : to come together and have an effect on each other